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Deal Screening

Simple Pro Forma

The one-page deal screen. Price, rent, taxes, and financing — enough to triage 20 listings in 30 minutes and figure out which ones deserve a real underwrite. This is the funnel before the funnel.

Best for

  • Investors screening a lot of listings
  • Buyers who need a fast yes/no filter
  • Anyone reviewing deal flow before committing analysis time

Use it when

  • On a batch of listings before showings
  • When you need to rule out weak deals quickly
  • When a promising deal is ready to graduate into a full model

Run your numbers

Every figure updates as you type — the defaults are typical Indianapolis numbers.

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The 30-second deal screen

Rent-to-price ratio0.93%
Monthly payment (P&I)$798
Monthly operating expenses$420
Estimated monthly cash flow$182
Annual cash flow$2,180

Borderline — run the full underwriting model before deciding.

Indianapolis benchmarks

1.00%

The classic 1% rule threshold — monthly rent ÷ purchase price

2.00%

The aggressive 2% rule — realistically only found in low-cost markets

0.6–0.9%

Rent-to-price ratio many Indianapolis single-family homes actually run today

≥0.8%

Ratio where a listing usually earns a full underwrite

The math behind this calculator

Every number in the tool above comes from these formulas — nothing hidden.

Rent-to-price ratio (the 1% rule)

Ratio = monthly rent ÷ purchase price

At 1.00% the property passes the classic screen: a $150,000 house renting for $1,500. The ratio is a relative ranking tool within a market — not a verdict on any single deal.

Quick cash flow screen

Screen cash flow = rent × (1 − vacancy − maintenance − management) − taxes ÷ 12 − insurance ÷ 12 − HOA − P&I

The 1% rule’s honest cousin: the same rent line, but layered with the carrying costs that actually decide whether the deal cash flows.

Principal & interest

P&I = Loan × [r(1+r)ⁿ ÷ ((1+r)ⁿ − 1)]

r is the monthly rate and n the term in months. Your down payment and rate flow straight through to the cash flow verdict.

The 50% rule (sanity check)

Operating expenses ≈ 50% of gross rent over time, before the mortgage

The old rule of thumb that expenses — including capital items — eat about half of gross rent. Crude, but it catches wild underestimates fast.

The 1% rule, and its limits

The 1% rule says monthly rent should equal at least 1% of the purchase price: a $150,000 house should rent for $1,500. It’s a screen, not an underwrite — it captures none of the details (taxes, insurance, HOA, condition, interest rate) that decide whether a deal actually works, and it treats a $70,000 rough-neighborhood bungalow and a $400,000 suburban new build as comparable math.

In today’s Indianapolis market, most single-family homes trade at 0.6–0.9% rent-to-price, so a strict 1% screen rejects nearly everything. Used properly, the ratio is a relative ranking tool: within your target neighborhoods, the 0.85% listings are simply better buys than the 0.60% ones — and only the exceptions deserve a second look.

The 1% rule, the 2% rule, and the 50% rule — one family of screens

  • The 1% rule is the baseline: rent equal to 1% of price suggests balanced income potential, typically in moderate-cost markets like the Midwest.
  • The 2% rule is the aggressive version, built for low-cost markets: the higher the price, the more impossible it becomes — a $350,000 property would need $7,000 a month in rent to pass, a figure the market supports almost nowhere outside premium short-term rentals. When you see 2% today, look carefully at the neighborhood: it usually signals a low-price area with high turnover or repair risk.
  • The 50% rule works in the other direction: over time, operating expenses — including capital items — tend to eat about half of gross rent before the mortgage. It’s the fastest sanity check in rental analysis: rent $2,000, subtract $1,000 for everything except debt, and see what’s left for the payment.
  • All three are triage tools. They share one job: kill weak deals in minutes so your real underwriting time goes to the survivors.

A better screen: the ratio plus honest carry

This calculator fixes the 1% rule’s blind spot by layering real carrying costs on top of the ratio: county taxes, insurance, HOA, a 5% vacancy allowance, a maintenance reserve, and actual financing at your down payment and rate. The ratio gets you to the table; the cash flow line tells you whether to sit down.

That’s why two listings at the same ratio can get different verdicts — a Hamilton County home with premium taxes and an HOA carries heavier than a tax-light Marion County property, and a half-point of interest rate can flip the same listing from pass to fail.

How to triage 20 listings in 30 minutes

  • Pull three data points per listing: price, estimated rent (rent-estimate tools are a starting point — verify with real listings), and the parcel’s actual taxes from the county auditor site.
  • Run each through this screen with the same financing assumptions — the comparison only works if every deal gets the same math.
  • Sort by cash flow, not by ratio. Cash flow survives contact with reality; a ratio is a hypothesis.
  • Take the top three into the full Rental Underwriting Model for cash-on-cash and cap rate — then go walk those before anyone else does.
  • Log the rejects with their numbers. Watching your screen’s "no" pile grow is how you learn your submarket’s real prices.

Not every deal deserves an hour

The simple pro forma is for speed. It gives you enough structure to avoid chasing every listing while still catching the deals worth a closer look. Strong deals are not common — most investors review many listings for every one they pursue, and a fast screen is what makes that volume manageable.

The economics are brutal in your favor: if this 90-second screen saves you from one unnecessary showing, it has paid for a month of your analysis time. Volume, discipline, then depth — in that order.

Graduate when needed

A screen is a first date, not a marriage. If the simple pro forma looks promising — ratio at or above 0.8% with cash flow intact — move the property into the full Rental Underwriting Model for cash-on-cash and cap rate, the Cash Flow Model for the month-to-month view, or the Full IRR Calculator when the strategy is a multi-year hold with an exit. The Related calculators below take you straight there.

When a screen deserves a real underwrite

  • Ratio at or above 0.8% with positive cash flow after the 5% vacancy allowance and maintenance reserve.
  • Rent supported by at least three genuine comparables within a mile — not the seller’s pro-forma, not an algorithm’s guess.
  • Taxes verified: Indiana tax bills can jump after a sale well above the prior assessed value, and a $200/month surprise erases a "good" screen.
  • No structural surprises visible in photos or disclosed in the listing — a new roof’s worth of deferred maintenance changes the real price.

Common questions

What is a pro forma in real estate?

A pro forma is a projection of a property’s income, expenses, and cash flow based on expected rather than actual numbers. It estimates how an investment is likely to perform before you buy it. A simple one-page pro forma like this is most useful for quickly screening listings before committing to deeper analysis.

How do I quickly screen a rental property deal?

Estimate the rent, subtract a rough allowance for vacancy and expenses, subtract the mortgage payment, and check whether the deal cash flows at all. A fast screen lets you rule out weak listings in minutes so you only spend real time on the properties worth a full underwrite.

How many deals should I analyze before making an offer?

Most investors review many listings for every one they pursue — strong deals are not common. A fast pro forma makes that volume manageable: the goal is to quickly discard weak deals and move only the promising ones into detailed underwriting.

Does the 1% rule still exist in Indianapolis?

Rarely at face value. Most single-family homes in the metro now screen at 0.6–0.9% rent-to-price. You can still find 1% deals on lower-price properties in cash-flow neighborhoods or with value-add rent upside — but treat 1% as a flag worth investigating, not the market standard.

What is the 2% rule, and is it realistic?

The 2% rule demands monthly rent equal to 2% of the purchase price — a stricter test designed for low-cost markets. A $350,000 property would need $7,000 in monthly rent to pass, which essentially no long-term market supports. When a listing passes 2% today, look closely: it usually signals a very low price point, which often comes with higher turnover, repair costs, and management burden.

What is the 50% rule and how reliable is it?

The 50% rule estimates that operating expenses — including capital items — will consume roughly half of gross rental income over time, before the mortgage. It’s a reliable sanity check and an unreliable underwrite: real expense ratios run from about 35% on newer construction to 60%+ on older homes with owner-paid utilities. Use it to catch wild underestimates, then do the real math.

What rent-to-price ratio should I target in Indianapolis?

In Indianapolis, 0.8% or better with positive cash flow after honest expenses is a reasonable bar for a full underwrite. In stronger appreciation areas (Carmel, Fishers, Zionsville), lower ratios can still make sense when your thesis is growth rather than monthly income — but that’s a deliberate choice, not an accident.

Where do I get realistic rent estimates for the screen?

Start with rent-estimate tools, then verify against actual listings: search rentals within a mile with similar beds, baths, and condition, and note what’s actually leasing — not just what’s asking. Your property manager or Austin can pull real comps for a specific address before you spend time on the full model.

Why do taxes matter so much in this screen?

In Indiana, a sale can reset the assessed value basis, and Marion County tax bills vary block to block — two identical houses can carry tax bills hundreds of dollars apart per year. On a thin-margin deal, a $150/month tax surprise is the whole cash flow, which is why the screen asks for the actual parcel taxes rather than estimating them.

These calculators are educational tools. Good underwriting still depends on accurate rents, expenses, financing, repairs, vacancy, management, and local market judgment.

Keep going

Related calculators.

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